雅思口语:如何妙用词汇

 很少有人会否定词汇对于雅思口语的主要性，但同样很少有人能在实际测验中把词汇的主要性表示出来 — 不少考生在备考雅思口语的进程中，就会陷入这样的一个怪圈之中。本文，专家力图在四个方面论证词汇应用的极端主要性，这四方面同时也可被看作是雅思口语词汇的四种用处：

同义词/近义词的转换，以及同义词链的控制

词性的自由变换，特殊是动词、名词、形容词/副词之间的来回变动

词组的应用范畴远大于单个单词，尤其是动词词组和形容词词组

形象化、活泼化及趣味性的词汇应进入我们的备考词典

能做到以上四点的考生，就单凭词汇上的一枝独秀，也能在口语测验中博得考官的青睐。下面我们通过真题实例来进行逐一剖析。

词汇妙用法一：同义词/近义词 & 同义词链

【真题实例】Can you tell me something about your student life?

【答题思路】虽然这是一个简略到不能再简略的问题，但我们也不能废弃妙用词汇的一次机遇。从积极的意义上讲，学生生涯必定是exciting, interesting, colorful, impressive, stimulating, fascinating的代名词。问题是：我们是否能在自己的答复中把这么多的同义词/近义词加以应用。

【参考答案】Well, my student life has so many interesting and exciting things to talk about. First, I have made a lot of wonderful friends at school, and we share many hobbies, duties and personal opinions. Then, there are a variety of colorful events on campus – almost every student joins a club, takes part in a social activity, or becomes a member of some organization. These events are not only fascinating for young people who like to explore the world, but are also stimulating in terms of developing our thinking skills and lifestyles.

该答复从两个层面描写学校生涯的出色：一是结识了很多好朋友；二是有各种各样的校园运动。其间装点的六个同义词/近义词组成了一条既硬朗、又丰盛的同义词链。

词汇妙用法二：三大词性之间的“零换乘”

【真题实例】How can a company encourage its employees?

【答题思路】公司激励员工的方法有很多，《剑六》中专门有一篇浏览文章，叫Motivating Employees under Adverse Conditions，有兴致的考生可以参考一下。其实光动词encourage和motivate，就含有不少词性变换的活力：encourage → encouragement → encouraging; motivate → motivation → motivational。能把这两串词汇用好，就已经非常令人刮目相看了。

【参考答案】For employees to really perform well, a company should think about how to encourage them at the workplace. For example, encouragement can come in the form of a big reward for those high achievers, so that they are motivated to work harder in the future. Also, even a public letter of recognition and praise is very encouraging. Sometimes, this kind of motivation can go a longer way than financial incentives. Finally, promoting a good worker to a higher position with greater responsibilities is an effective motivational exercise.

三种不同的激励员工的方式在这里被一一道明：第一是丰富的物资嘉奖（a big reward）；第二是公开的表彰信（a public letter of recognition and praise）；第三是职位的提升（promoting to a higher position）。其间展现的是encourage和motivate这两大动词及其名词、形容词之间毫无障碍的自由切换。