雅思听力陷阱--关键词后置

　　准备雅思的同学们有没有过这种经历，雅思听力播放时候一个关键的信息点丢了，聚精会神等下一个关键词出现却没有等到，找到题目位置时候，填空已经两个空没有了。恭喜你不幸遇到了关键词后置。关键词后置是雅思听力中除开同意转换和干扰项以外的另一大难点，并且在最近考试中频繁出现，出现的部分从Section4一直延升到了Section2, 是听力备考中不可忽视的问题。

　　常见关键词后置分四种情况，分别为：前置定语，后置定语，主谓宾与从句。

　　1. 前置定语结构

　　前置定语在考题中出现的形式为“n. ______” 和 “adj. _______”, 即在填空前出现名词或形容词的关键词。

　　在录音中则经常通过修辞结构和句子结构的改变，将关键词后置。

　　例1：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 3 Question 21

　　--Read IT ___________.

　　录音：look through catalogues specialised in IT.

　　解析：通过修辞结构的改变，把名词前置定语变成分词后置定语，完成关键词后置。

　　例2：Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 3 Question 30

　　--Excellent ___________.

　　录音：F: OK, any other comments?

　　M: I thought student support was excellent.

　　解析：通过句子结构的改变，完成关键词后置。

　　例3：Cambridge 6 Test 1 Section 3 Question 24

　　--Reduced ___________ for students.

　　录音：students pay an annual fee that’s much less than the general public pay.

　　解析：通过修辞结构的改变，把形容词前置定语变成从句后置定语，完成关键词后置，同时伴随reduced的同意转换。

　　　2. 后置定语结构

　　后置定语在考题中出现的形式为“n. prep. ______” 和 “n. p. _______”, 即在填空前出现关键词如“名词-介词(如of, for, about, in, on, etc.)”或“名词-分词”。

　　在录音中则经常通过修辞结构和句子结构的改变，将名词关键词后置。

　　例1：Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 2 Question 15

　　--Will explain about arrangement for ______________ and fire exits.

　　录音：He will also go through the security arrangement with you and show you the fire exits.

　　解析：通过修辞结构的改变，把介词短语后置定语变成名词前置定语，完成关键词后置。

　　例2：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 3 Question 22

　　--Spoken to Jane Prince

　　Head of the _____________.

　　录音：F: Jane Prince, do you know her? She’s in the Computer Centre.

　　M: Yes, of course, she is the new head.

　　解析：通过句子结构的改变，完成关键词后置。

　　例3： Cambridge 6 Test 1 Section 4 Question 32

　　--New technology allowed the production of goods made of ________ and ________

　　录音：The technology they introduced meant that metal and leather goods were produced there for the first time.

　　解析：通过修辞结构的改变，把分词后置定语变成名词前置定语，完成关键词后置。

　　小结：

　　1和2类关键词后置通常出现于Section2-4的大表格填空中。

　　考生须要在读题时事先判断易出现关键词后置的题目，并且对答案进行预测;而后在听题时利用预测捕捉答案，后置的关键词起确认答案的作用。

　　因此在平时的学习中要熟悉听力题目中常见的容易出现关键词后置的结构，培养视觉敏感度;并且熟练掌握语法上定语结构的转换。

　　3. 主谓宾结构

　　主谓宾在考题中出现的形式为“subj. pred. __________”, 即在填空前出现名词(主语)和动词(谓语)的关键词。

　　在录音中则经常通过主语和宾语位置的调换，以及谓语主动被动之间的转换，或者其它句式变化，将名词关键词后置。

　　例1：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 2 Question 11 & 12

　　--Local services depart from _____________ railway station.

　　--National services depart from _____________ railway station.

　　录音：F: We’ve got two main train stations in the town. The King Street is for local commute lines and regional services.

　　M: What about trains to London? I’ll need to go there on business for one day.

　　F: Then you need to go to central station, that’s for all the national services.

　　解析：Q11通过主语宾语的位置调换，Q12通过句型转换，完成关键词后置。

　　例2：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 2 Question 14

　　--The price of a first class ticket includes ____________.

　　录音：There’s a buffet car, though refreshments are included in the cost of a first class ticket.

　　解析：通过主语宾语的位置调换，完成关键词后置，伴随price-cost的同意转换。

　　例3：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 4 Question 38

　　--The first motion picture was called The__________________.

　　录音：So now, there was a real possibility of having films of more than two or three minutes, and this lead to the making of The Great Train Robbery, the very first movie made.

　　解析：通过句型转换，完成关键词后置，伴随motion picture-movie的同意转换。

　　　4. 从句结构

　　从句在考题中出现的形式为“……. conj. ________”, 即在填空前出现从句连接词(如when, where, because, as, if, etc.)。

　　在录音中则通过调换连接词前后分句的次序，将填空前的关键词后置。

　　例1：Cambridge 5 Test 1 Section 4 Question 36 & 37

　　--Research indicates that many women only think about their financial future when a ________ occurs.

　　--It is best for women to start thinking about pensions when they are in their _______.

　　录音：The research indicates that at present for women it takes a crisis to make them think about their future financial situation. But of course this is the very worst time for anyone to make any important decisions. Women today need to look ahead, think ahead, not wait until they’re under pressure. Even women in their early twenties, need to think about pensions for example.

　　解析：通过调换从句中两个分句的位置，完成关键词后置。

　　例2：Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 4 Question 40

　　--In ancient India a man would fight a lion as a test of _____________.

　　录音：In ancient India, one of the greatest tests of leadership for a man was to fight a lion.

　　解析：通过调换从句中两个分句的位置，完成关键词后置。

　　3和4类关键词后置通常出现于Section2-4的句子填空中。

　　雅思考生须要在读题时事先判断易出现关键词后置的题目，并且对答案进行预测;而后在听题时利用预测捕捉答案，后置的关键词起确认答案的作用。

　　因此在平时的雅思学习中要熟悉听力题目中常见的容易出现关键词后置的结构，培养视觉敏感度;并且熟练掌握语法上主谓宾结构和从句结构的转换。以适应雅思听力中题目的灵活变幻。