雅思A类阅读判断题标准探讨(二)

Academic Test 1

　　Reading Passage 1

　　1.

　　题干：The plight of the rainforests has largely been ignored by the media.

　　原文：In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage......

　　分析：ignored与coverage矛盾，文章表达了媒体关注了雨林，而题干的表达却是忽视，二者相矛盾，因此为错误。

　　5.

　　题干：The study involved asking children a number of yes/no questions such as "are there any rainforests in Africa?"

　　原文：Secondary school children were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions.

　　分析：题干中说的是一般疑问句的提问方式，而文章中给出的信息是five open-form questions，意思为特殊疑问词提问的问题，相矛盾，鼓为错误。

　　Academic Test 2

　　Reading Passage 1

　　10.

　　题干：The Navajo language will die out because it currently has too few speakers.

　　原文：Only 250 languages have more than a million speakers, and at least 3,000 have feweer than 2,500. It is not necessarily these small languages that are about to disappear. Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers.

　　分析：文章中给出的信息看出，Navajo is considered endangered可以和The Navajo language will die out对应，但是文章中说的Navajo给出它有150,000个说话的人，从数量上来说并不少，而题干中说it currently has too few speakers相矛盾，故为错误。

　　Academic Test 3

　　Reading Passage 1

　　9.

　　题干：Any street child can set up their own small business if give enough support.

　　原文：Being an entrepreneur is not for everyone, nor for every street child.

　　分析：题干中说“任何街道儿童都有机会建立他们自己的小生意”，而原文中说“成为企业家并不是每个人能做，也并不是每一个街道儿童能做”，二者表述相互矛盾。

　　11.

　　题干：Only one fixed loan should be given to each child.

　　原文：The loan amount in S.K.I programs has generally ranged from US30-100.

　　分析：文章中给出信息贷款数量是可以变化的，但题干中的fixed loan是“固定贷款”的意思，相互矛盾。

　　从以上的例子中可以看出，命题表达中至少会有一个考点需要做出判断，无论其他考点怎样，只要我们能从中找出一个考点是错误的，那么该命题就是错误的。

　　最后，我们来看看NOT GIVEN的判断标准：所需判断的陈述句中在没有错误的前提之下，至少有一个考点词汇文章没有提到相关内容。从表述中可以看出，被判断的命题中，首先不能有错误的成分存在，因为只要出现了错误点，那么该命题就是FALSE/NO了。只有在没有错误点出现的情况下，至少有一个考点文章中没有提到，那么该命题就可以被判断为NOT GIVEN。而在考试中，有一种NOT GIVEN情况很好判断，就是全文没有找到相关内容，那么就可以直接下结论了。看看下面的例子：

　　Academic Test 1

　　Reading Passage 1

　　6.

　　题干：Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests destruction.

　　原文：More girls(70%) than boys(60%) raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitats…more girls(13%) than boys(5%) said that rainforests provided human habitats.

　　分析：从原文的表达中可以找到题干的部分信息Girls are more likely than boys，但是后半部分信息在文章中没有出现，所以该命题为NOT GIVEN。

　　8.

　　题干：A second study has been planned to investigate primary school children’s ideas about rainforests.

　　原文：One encouragement is that the results of similar studies about other environmental issues suggest that older children…

　　分析：从题干和原文的表述中可以看出，二者并不存在对应关系，所以答案为NOT GIVEN。

　　Academic Test 2

　　Reading Passage 2

　　21.

　　题干：Alternative therapists earn higher salaries than doctors.

　　原文：Part of the incentive was financial, Dr. Laver said.”The bottom line is that most general practitioners are business people. If they see potential clientele going elsewhere, they might want to be able to offer a similar service.”

　　分析：题干中的关键点在于中医的工资比其他医生要高，而原文只陈述了从事中医这一行的人很多是商人，他们为了能留住顾客，也想提供同样的服务，但并不能得出结论说中医就比其他医生工资高的结论，二者表述不相关，答案为NOT GIVEN。

　　Academic Test 3

　　Reading Passage 1

　　10.

　　题干：In some cases, the families of street children may need financial support from S.K.I.

　　原文：There are tremendous advantages to involving parents or guardians in the program……

　　分析：题干中提到家庭需要获得财政资助，但是文章中只是谈到说能有父母或者监护人的参与会有很多好处，并没有提到说家庭需要财政资助的问题，二者并不相关，所以为NOT GIVEN。

　　从这些例子中可以看出，在判断中，只要命题中没有错误信息出现，而同时又有考点在文章中找不到匹配的信息，那么该命题的答案就是NOT GIVEN。

作者：新东方雅思研究院阅读教研室 张涛