雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，笔者将从这三方面根据学生在叶毅斌老师的雅思阅读课堂中所做的笔记进行分类整理。以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：
1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不变的
2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial
3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost
4.proportion/ percentage 比例
5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.] 涉及，卷入，参与
6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鉴于
考虑到，尽管
6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/ inductive [n] 归纳 >< deduce /deductive推断
7.fortune/ destiny/ chances
8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/ exhaust –exhaust emission (尾气)排放/ exploit
9.complex 错综复杂的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，复杂的
10.capacity能力，容量/ competence （竞争）能力/ ability 能力（笼统的）
11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ ensure (insure)/ guarantee 押金
12.solely/ merely/ only
13.a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花样，品种/ a great rang 系列 of
14.pesticide 杀虫/ suicide 自杀/ homicide/ murder杀人
15.believe/ assume (responsibility)/ suppose
16.授权，委托：authorize/ commission 佣金/ entitle 头衔 + ment =right （权利）
17.purchase/ buy
18. ethnic 种族的/ ethic 伦理，道德的 + s =[n ]
19. modify/ change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]
20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing
21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit
22. circumstance 环境（社会 ）/ surroundings/ environment 环境（ 环保 ）背景 background 后台 / settings后台，布景/ context 上下文（ 文章中 ）
23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的
24.移民：immigrant (进来)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant
25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/ thriving/ booming（人口，行业）/flourishing
26.神圣的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred
27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)
28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal
29.类似于：look like/ resemble
30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term 长期的
31.网恋：virtual love/ cyber love
32.网友：on-line /net/ cyber friend
上网（聊天）chat on line/ go on-line cyber cafe/网吧
33.evolve-evolution 进化/ revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/ involve-involution 卷入，涉及
34. indicator/ predictor 表示诠释，预测
35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray
36. therapist /expert/ specialist
37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length
38. commonest/ frequent
39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped
40. 退化：degenerate/ -tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/ degrade ->grade 等级/ deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下
41. 分类：category-categorize/ class-classify
42. consequence后果->影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率
43.clash 冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁
44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace
45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性
46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝， 排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘，隔热（体）
47．缺点，不足之处：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback
48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =>[n]/creative/revolutionary
l 易错拼写：environment/ convenient
49．neutral 中立的，中性的 /negative 否定，消极，阴性的 /positive 肯定，积极，阳性的
50．ambiguous->ambiguity 模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscure
51.communicate 沟通，传达，通报
52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠
53.commitment 1 ~ to sth 奉献 2 责任,义务
54．contribute to 导致 ~ result in /account for (占据)导致
54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)
55.强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on
明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently 道貌岸然的/ obviously=>evidently
56.对…怀疑：(be) /skeptical/skeptical /dubious/ suspicious (about/of)
57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/ fault/ defect/ imperfection/ failing/ weakness/ shortcoming/ flaw
58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/ flagrant/ smelly/ odorous
59.机构，组织：association/ structure /organization
60.超过：exceed/ surpass
61.岩浆：molten rock/ lava/ magma
62.语言：linguist ~学家/ lingual和~有关的/ bilingual/ 双语
63.多种多样的：diversity/ variety/ breed/ species
breed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成
64.dialect 方言 accent 腔调
65.开始的，初步的：begin/ launch/ initial (-ly) [v] 首字母，开始的/ initiate开始，发动->initiative原创性= origin
66.贫穷：poor/ in poverty/ impoverished（ 被剥夺财产的）
67.杰出：eminence (-t)/ prominence (-t)/unusual
68.gene/ genetic defect ~缺陷/ anatomy解剖/ conceive构思，怀孕/ deliver分娩
69.辅助性：alternative 补充性/ therapist
70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive / inferential >< induce 引导，引入，归纳-> induction 归纳
71.令人困惑的：bewildering/ puzzling/ perplexing
72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于
73.subsidize辅助/ subsidy 补助，补贴/ subsidiary
74.a factor in sth/ depend on sth
75.be preferred by/ choice
76.attitude to/ how
77.the present century/ modern society
78.broad/ great
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