王楠楠:雅思阅读中独立主格的构成类型和语法功能

独立主格结构是一种复合结构，在句中作状语。独立主格结构中，名词或代词同其后的分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等在逻辑上有主谓关系。

I．构成类型

(1)名词／代词+分词：

It being Sunday，you needn’t go to work．

(2)名词／代词+不定式：

I send you today three-fourths of the sum，the rest to follow within a month.

The two parties reached an agreement on basic principles，the details to be ironed out(调解)later．

(3)名词／代词+形容词：

The teacher entered the classroom，a book under his arm．

(6)There+being+...:

There being no bus，we had to walk home．

(7)With／without+名词／代词+分词(不定式／副词/形容词/介词短语)：

Without anyone noticing，I slipped through the door． 

Ⅱ．语法功能

(1)时间状语：

All the members having arrived，the meeting was declared open．

The report having been read, a lively discussion began．

With a lot problem solved，the manage left the office．

(2)原因状语：

There being no bus．we had to walk home．

so many people being absent，the meeting had to be called off．

All the money having been spent，Jack startled looking for work．

(3)条件状语：

With the tree growing tall，we got more shade．

4`fF
Q,U6pJ#kThe murderer was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back．

He sat in front row，his mouth open，his head thrust forward so as to miss any word.

(4)方式、伴随状语：

With the tree growing tall，we got more shade．

The murder was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

He sat in front row，his mouth half open, his head thrust forward so not to miss any word.

(5)对比, 补充说明：

We went shopping，he reading in the bed.

We a11 went home, he remaining behind.

The two boys gathered their gear and headed for home, stomachs crying fro food, backs burning from too much sun, and legs stiffening from sitting.

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