单词是阅读的基础,没有一定量的单词作为基础,就无法保证有一定的阅读速度.那么学习一些最基本的构词法知识,就非常重要了.
虽然不是每一个单词都可以通过构词法解决掉,但是了解一些最常用的前缀,词根和后缀,并在背单词的过程中多思考,多练习,无疑在阅读过程中对生词就不抵触,可以使自己如虎添翼.先来测试一下自己的单词量吧.这里有10个单词,都是雅思阅读中的核心词汇,看看你认识几个:轻松说对6个的为达标,能说对8个的就视为优秀,当然10个全答对的同学自然很了不起.但是如果不达标的同学,也不用着急,在看完了我为你们准备的构词法核心表格之后,就可以轻松认知这下面的单词啦.
collaborate/chronic/dictate/recall/incurable
retrospect/anonymous/bilingual/thermometer/misbehave
必备知识1:前缀变词意，后缀变词性
在背记单词的时候,我们要了解到,一个单词的前缀决定这个单词词意,比如like(喜欢)和dislike(不喜欢),后缀决定这个单词的词性,比如 understand(v.理解)和understandable(adj.可以理解的)在雅思阅读中,很多时候考点词我们并不认识,但是可以通过前缀来辨别单词是否一致,或者抵触.(我们经常称为单词的方向为正向,或是负向);后缀我们可以判别单词的词性,利用最基本的知识:副词修饰动词和形容词,形容词修饰名词,我们在做填空题的时候不难利用横线前面单词的词性来推测出横线里面要填的单词的词性,从而在原文中缩小范围.比如...as a result of geographical_______ 我们知道后缀为-al的形容词后缀,因此横线中要填的一定为名词,那么名词的后缀又有-tion,-ity,-ness...答案从形式上先确定了,找起来就特别容易.说了这么多,让我们来看看下面这个单词:inescapable,是由前缀表相反的"in-以及形容词后缀"-able构成,中间余下的部分"escap"很容易看出是escape逃离的变体,所以这个单词是形容词,释义为不可逃避的,不可逃离的.
必备知识2:一些必要的后缀(suffixes)
n.代表名词 v.代表动词 adj.代表形容词 adv.代表副词
-able,-ible,-ble, adj. understandable, believable
-ate, v. activate, accelerate, validate
-er, -or, n. teacher,director
-fy, v. notify,modify, diversify,classify
-ic, -al, adj. historic, dramatic, musical，practical
-ism, n. idealism, terrorism
-ist, n. pacifist, activist, typist
-ity, n. possibility, humanity, curiosity, reality
-ize, v. realize, modernize，popularize
-ness, n. happiness, shyness
-oid, adj. humanoid
-ous, ious, ose, adj. poisonous, famous, precious,
-tion, ation,n. condition, translation
必备知识3:一些必要的前缀(prefixes)
a-,an-without, lacking, not, atypical, apolitical
ab- away from, abnormal, abuse
bene-good benefit, benefactor
bi- two bicycle, bilingual, bilinguist
circum- around circumstance
com-,con-,col-, cor-,co- together, with cooperate, collaborate
contra- anti, against contradict, by contrast, anti-war
de- down from, away descend, dehydrate, deforestation
dia- through, across diameter
hyper- above, beyond, excessive hypermarket, hypersensitive
hypo-under, beneath, down hypothesis
in-,im-, il-, ir- in, into, oninject, insert,inspect
in-,im-, il-, ir- in, not irregular,illegal
inter- between international, interview, interrupt
intro-, intra-, within introduce
micro- small microwave, Microsoft
mis- wrong misunderstand, misconception
dis-, not, opposite, disconnect, disable, disagree
non- not nonessential, nonsense,
un- not unavailable, unknown, undeniable
mono- one, alone monologue, monopoly
multi-many multiple choice, multimedia, multitude
peri- around perimeter
poly- many polytechnic school
post- after postgraduate, postpone=delay
pre- before predict
re-,retro- back, againreplay, retrospect
semi- half, partlysemiprivate, semi-detached
sub-,suc-, suf-, sug, sup-,sus- under subway
super- above, greater, better superman
syn-, sym-, syl- with, togethersympathy
trans- across transport, transmit
tri- three triangle, tripod
ultra- beyond, excessive, extreme ultra-sound
uni-one universe
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