雅思阅读推理判断的一些例题

推理判断是根据阅读材料中得内容推断出题目中要填写的内容或者要选择的选项。大多数情况下的推理判断题只需要一般推理即可判断出答案，小部分则需要经过比较复杂的推理过程。

下面请看两个例子。

E To meet this challenge, the following elements were put into effect. First, ATC extends over virtually the entire United States. In general, from 365m above the ground and higher, the entire country is blanketed by controlled airspace. In certain areas, mainly near airports, controlled airspace extends down to 215m above the ground, and, in the immediate vicinity of an airport, all the way down to the surface. Controlled airspace is that airspace in which FAA regulations apply. Elsewhere, in uncontrolled airspace, pilots are bound by fewer regulations. In this way, the recreational pilot who simply wishes to go flying for a while without all the restrictions imposed by the FAA has only to stay in uncontrolled airspace, below 365m, while the pilot who does want the protection afforded by ATC can easily enter the controlled airspace.

F The FAA then recognised two types of operating environments. In good meteorological conditions, flying would be permitted under Visual Flight Rules (VFR), which suggests a strong reliance on visual cues to maintain an acceptable level of safety. Poor visibility necessitated a set of Instrumental Flight Rules (IFR), under which the pilot relied on altitude and navigational information provided by the plane's instrument panel to fly safely. On a clear day, a pilot in controlled airspace can choose a VFR or IFR flight plan, and the FAA regulations were devised in a way which accommodates both VFR and IFR operations in the same airspace. However, a pilot can only choose to fly IFR if they possess an instrument rating which is above and beyond the basic pilot's license that must also be held.

G Controlled airspace is divided into several different types, designated by letters of the alphabet. Uncontrolled airspace is designated Class F, while controlled airspace below 5, 490m above sea level and not in the vicinity of an airport is Class E. All airspace above 5, 490m is designated Class A. The reason for the division of Class E and Class A airspace stems from the type of planes operating in them. Generally, Class E airspace is where one finds general aviation aircraft (few of which can climb above 5, 490m anyway), and commercial turboprop aircraft. Above 5, 490m is the realm of the heavy jets, since jet engines operate more efficiently at higher altitudes. The difference between Class E and A airspace is that in Class A, all operations are IFR, and pilots must be instrument-rated, that is, skilled and licensed in aircraft instrumentation. This is because ATC control of the entire space is essential. Three other types of airspace, Classes D, C and B, govern the vicinity of airports. These correspond roughly to small municipal, medium-sized metropolitan and major metropolitan airports respectively, and encompass an increasingly rigorous set of regulations. For example, all a VFR pilot has to do to enter Class C airspace is establish two-way radio contact with ATC. No explicit permission from ATC to enter is needed, although the pilot must continue to obey all regulations governing VFR flight. To enter Class B airspace, such as on approach to a major metropolitan airport, an explicit ATC clearance is required. The private pilot who cruises without permission into this airspace risks losing their license.

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

　　FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

　　NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

24 Class F airspace is airspace which is below 365m and not near airports.

解析：句中给出的关键词有 Class F, 365m, not near airport.

根据Class F，可以定位到 G 段，Uncontrolled airspace is designated Class F。可以理解为Class F = Uncontrolled airspace

根据364m 可以定位到 E 段，In general, from 365m above the ground and higher, the entire country is blanketed by controlled airspace. In certain areas, mainly near airports, controlled airspace extends down to 215m above the ground, and, in the immediate vicinity of an airport, all the way down to the surface.（一般来说，在整个国家范围内，地面365米以及更高的地方都是管制空域。某些地方主要是靠近机场的地方，215米以上是管制区，再紧邻机场之处，管制空域包括地面以上所有空域）Uncontrolled airspace = 365m 以下并远离机场的空域。

两者结合，可以知道Class F = 365m 以下并远离机场的空域。因此此题应该判断为 ture。

25 All aircraft in Class E airspace must use IFR.

解析：题目中有关键词 All， Class E， IFR。

根据关键词定位到 G 段的The difference between Class E and A airspace is that in Class A, all operations are IFR。（A 必须 IFR，这一点是其与 E 的不同），借此证明 E 不是必须 IFR。由此判断此题为 FALSE。

collecting ant specimens

Many ants are small and forage primarily in the layer of leaves and other debris on the ground. Collecting these species by hand can be difficult. One of the most successful ways to collect them is to gather the leaf litter in which they are foraging and extract the ants from it. This is most commonly done by placing leaf litter on a screen over a large funnel, often under some heat. As the leaf litter dries from above, ants (and other animals) move downward and eventually fall out the bottom and are colleted in alcohol placed below the funnel. This method works especially well in rain forests and marshy areas. A method of improving the catch when using a funnel to sift the leaf litter through a coarse screen before placing it above the funnel. This will concentrate the litter and remove larger leaves and twigs. It will also allow more litter to be sampled when using a limited number of funnels.

根据图示中的关键词 funnel，可以定位到This is most commonly done by placing leaf litter on a screen over a large funnel, often under some heat. As the leaf litter dries from above, ants (and other animals) move downward and eventually fall out the bottom and are colleted in alcohol placed below the funnel. （常见的方法是把落叶放在一个大漏斗上的一个筛子里，在其上面加热，随着上方叶子变干，蚂蚁会向下移动并从漏斗底部漏出，这样就被收集到置于漏斗下方的酒精中。）

解析：funnel 在文中句中两次出现，第一次 placing leaf litter on a screen over a large funnel，课件 funnel 上方的就是 screen 了；并且同时可以知道 screen 上的是leaf litter，这样38和39的答案就都有了。树叶、筛子和漏斗都是 under some heat，37中给出了 some，因此可以知道该空应该填 heat。定位句中还有 alcohol placed below the funnel，因此可以知道 funnel 底部的就是 alcohol，即40空的答案。