雅思阅读：剑桥雅思长难句分析（四）

　　1. The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated orapportioned, so that they are distributed in the most just and efficient way, isnot a new one.(剑4, test4 passage 3)

　　分析：本句的主句为“The problem is not a new one”;“how health-care resources shouldbe allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in the most just andefficient way”为how引导的宾语从句，做of的宾语;“so that they are distributed in the most justand efficient way”为so that引导的目的状语从句。

　　2. What is new is that, from the 1950s onwards, there have been certaingeneral changes in outlook about the finitude of resources as a whole and ofhealth-care resources in particular, as well as more specific changes regardingthe clientele of health-care resources and the cost to the community of thoseresources. (剑4, test4 passage 3)

　　分析：本句的主句为“What is new is that…”;“that, from the 1950s onwards, there havebeen certain general changes in outlook about the finitude of resources as awhole and of health-care resources in particular, as well as more specificchanges regarding the clientele of health-care resources and the cost to thecommunity of those resources.”为that引导的表语从句;“regarding the clientele ofhealth-care resources and the cost to the community of thoseresources”为现在分词短语做定语。

　　3. Thus, in the 1950s and 1960s, there emerged an awareness in Westernsocieties that resources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite andexhaustible and that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustaineconomic development and population was also finite. (剑4, test4 passage 3)

　　分析：本句较长，主句为“there emerged an awareness in Western societies”;“thatresources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite andexhaustible”和“that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economicdevelopment and population was alsofinite”为and连接的并列从句，都是that引导的同位语从句，做awareness的同位语。

　　4. Looking back, it now seems quite incredible that in the national healthsystems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic healthneeds of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle; the ‘invisiblehand’ of economic progress would provide. (剑4, test4 passage 3)

　　分析：本句为分号连接的两个分句，第一个分句较长，其主句为“it now seems quite incredible that…inprinciple”其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句;“that emerged in many countries in the yearsimmediately after the 1939-45 World War”为定语从句，作national healthsystem的定语，关系词为that;在that引导的主语从句中，“that all the basic health needs of anycommunity could be satisfied, at least inprinciple”为that引导的主语从句，it做形式主语。第二个分句为简单句。

　　5. Although the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads to confusion, by thelate 1970s it was recognized in most societies that people have a right tohealth-care( though there has been considerable resistance in the United Statesto the idea that there is a formal right to health-care). (剑4, test4 passage3)

　　分析：本句的主句为“it was recognized in most societies that people have a right tohealth-care ”，其中it为形式主语，“that people have a right tohealth-care”为that引导的主语从句;“Although the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads toconfusion”为although引导的让步状语;括号部分为附加/补充的信息，为though引导的让步状语从句，在此从句中，“that there is aformal right to health-care”为that引导的同位语从句，做idea的同位语。

　　6. It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty forthe state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of thepublic purse. (剑4, test4 passage 3)

　　分析：本句中“that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state toensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the publicpurse”为that引导的主语从句，it做形式主语;和“that adequate health-care resources are providedout of the public purse”为that引导的宾语从句，做ensure的宾语。

　　7. Just at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources couldnot possibly meet the demands being made upon them, people were demanding thattheir fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by the state. (剑4, test4passage 3)

　　分析：本句主句为“people were demanding that their fundamental right to health-carebe satisfied by the state.”“Just at the time when it became obvious thathealth-care resources could not possibly meet the demands being made uponthem”为时间状语，其中“when it became obvious that health-care resources could notpossibly meet the demands being made upon them”为定语从句，做the time的定语，关系词为when;“thattheir fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by thestate”为that引导的宾语从句，做demand的宾语。

　　8. The second set of more specific changes that have led to the presentconcern about the distribution of health-care resources stems from the dramaticrise in health costs in most OECD countries, accompanied by large-scaledemographic and social changes which have meant, to take one example, thatelderly people are now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers ofhealth-care resources. (剑4, test4 passage 3)

　　分析：本句主句为“The second set of more specific changes stems from the dramaticrise in health costs in most OECD countries”;“that have led to the presentconcern about the distribution of health-careresources.”为定语从句，做changes的定语，关系词为that;“accompanied by large-scale demographicand social changes which have meant, to take one example, that elderly peopleare now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers of health-careresources.”为过去分词短语做状语，其中“which have meant, to take one example, that elderlypeople are now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers of health-careresources.”为定语从句，做changes的定语，关系词为which,“that elderly people are now major (andrelatively very expensive) consumers of health-careresources.”为that引导的宾语从句，做mean的宾语。

　　9. Beginning as something unusual in a handful of big cities―New York,London, Paris and Berlin―the new medium quickly found its way across the world,attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shown and replacing otherforms of entertainment as it did so. (剑4, General Training Test A passage 3)

　　分析：本句的主句为“the new medium quickly found its way across the world”;“Beginningas something unusual in a handful of big cities―New York, London, Paris andBerlin”现在分词短语做状语;“attracting larger and larger audiences wherever it was shownand replacing other forms of entertainment as it did so”两个并列的分词短语做状语，其中“whereverit was shown”wherever引导的为地点状语，“as it did so”为as引导的状语从句。