雅思阅读：剑桥雅思长难句分析（五）

　　1. These methods include strength training that duplicates what they aredoing in their running events as well as plyometrics, a technique pioneered inthe former Soviet Union. (剑4, test4 passage 1)

　　分析：本句的主句为“These methods include strength training”;“that duplicates whatthey are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics”为定语从句，做“strengthtraining”的定语，关系词为that;“what they are doing in their running events as well asplyometrics”为宾语从句，由what引导;“a technique pioneered in the former SovietUnion”为plyometrics的同位语。

　　2. A biomechanic films an athlete in action and then digitizes herperformance, recording the motion of every joint and limb in three dimensions.(剑4, test4 passage 1)

　　分析：本句的主句为“A biomechanic films an athlete in action and then digitizes herperformance”;“recording the motion of every joint and limb in threedimensions”为现在分词短语做状语。

　　3. That understanding took the later analysis of biomechanics specialists,who put their minds to comprehending something that was too complex andunorthodox ever to have been invented through their own mathematicalsimulations. (剑4, test4 passage 1)

　　分析：本句较长，主句为“That understanding took the later analysis of biomechanicsspecialists”;“who put their minds to comprehending something”为定语从句，做biomechanicsspecialists 的定语，关系词为who;“that was too complex and unorthodox ever to have beeninvented through their own mathematicalsimulations”也是定语从句，做something的定语，关系词为that。

　　4. But it is also the painstaking task of interpretation, so that we cometo understand what these things mean for the human story. (剑4, test4 passage2)

　　分析：本句的主句为“But it is also the painstaking task of interpretation”;“so thatwe come to understand what these things mean for the human story”为sothat引导的结果状语从句;“what these things mean for the humanstory”为what引导的宾语从句，做understand的宾语。

　　5. Anthropologists also use the term ‘culture' in a more restricted sensewhen they refer to the ‘culture' of a particular society, meaning thenon-biological characteristics unique to that society, which distinguish it fromother societies. (剑4, test4 passage 2)

　　分析：本句的主句为“Anthropologists also use the term ‘culture' in a more restrictedsense”，“when they refer to the ‘culture' of a particularsociety”为when引导的时间状语从句;“meaning the non-biological characteristics unique tothat society”为现在分词短语做定语;“which distinguish it from othersocieties”为非限制性定语从句，关系词为which。

　　6. Physical anthropology, or biological anthropology as it is also called,concerns the study of human biological or physical characteristics and how theyevolved. (剑4, test4 passage 2)

　　分析：本句的主句为“Physical anthropology, or biological anthropology concerns thestudy of human biological or physical characteristics and how they evolved”;“asit is also called”定语从句，做biological anthropology的定语，关系词为as;“how theyevolved”为how引导的宾语从句，做concern的宾语。

　　7. Whereas cultural anthropologists will often base their conclusions onthe experience of living within contemporary communities, archaeologists studypast societies primarily through their material remains―the buildings, tools,and other artifacts that constitute what is known as the material culture leftover from former societies. (剑4, test4 passage 2)

　　分析：本句主句为“archaeologists study past societies primarily through theirmaterial remains”;“Whereas cultural anthropologists will often base theirconclusions on the experience of living within contemporarycommunities”为whereas引导的让步状语从句;“that constitute what is known as the materialculture left over from former societies”为定语从句，做the buildings, tools, and otherartifacts的定语，关系词为that;“what is known as the material culture left over fromformer societies”为what引导的宾语从句，做constitute的宾语。

　　8. Archaeologists in recent decades have developed ‘ethnoarchaeology',where, like ethnographers, they live among contemporary communities, but withthe specific purpose of learning how such societies use material culture―howthey make their tools and weapons, why they build their settlements where theydo, and so on. (剑4, test4 passage 2)

　　分析：本句主句为“Archaeologists in recent decades have developed‘ethnoarchaeology'”;“where, like ethnographers, they live among contemporarycommunities, but with the specific purpose of learning how such societies usematerial culture”为定语从句，做‘ethnoarchaeology'的定语，关系词为where;“how such societies usematerial culture”为how引导的宾语从句，做learn的宾语;“how they make their tools and weapons,why they build their settlements where they do”位于破折号后面，解释前文中的“how such societiesuse material culture”, 也是how和why引导的宾语从句;“where they do”为where引导的地点状语从句。

　　9. Heritage studies constitute a developing field, where it is realizedthat the world's cultural heritage is a diminishing resource which holdsdifferent meanings for different people. (剑4, test4 passage 2)

　　分析：本句的主句为“Heritage studies constitute a developing field”;“where it isrealized that the world's cultural heritage is a diminishing resource”为定语从句，做adeveloping field的定语，关系词为where;“that the world's cultural heritage is adiminishing resource”为that引导的主语从句，it为形式主语;“which holds different meanings fordifferent people.”为定语从句，做a diminishing resource的定语，关系词为which。

　　10. To archaeology, which studies all cultures and periods, whether with orwithout writing, the distinction between history and pre-history is a convenientdividing line that recognizes the importance of the written word, but in no waylessens the importance of the importance of the useful information contained inoral histories. (剑4, test4 passage 2)

　　分析：本句较长，主句为“the distinction between history and pre-history is a convenientdividing line”;“which studies all cultures and periods, whether with or withoutwriting”为定语从句，做archaeology的定语，关系词为which;“that recognizes the importance of thewritten word, but in no way lessens the importance of the importance of theuseful information”也是定语从句，做dividing line的定语，关系词为that;“contained in oralhistories”为过去分词短语作定语，限定useful information。

　　11. Since the aim of archaeology is the understanding of humankind, it is ahumanistic study, and since it deals with the human past, it is a historicaldiscipline. (剑4, test4 passage 2)

　　分析：本句为并列句，由and连接，句子“Since the aim of archaeology is the understanding ofhumankind, it is a humanistic study”和句子“since it deals with the human past, itis a historical discipline.”并列;句子“Since the aim of archaeology is theunderstanding of humankind, it is a humanistic study”中主句为“it is a humanisticstudy”, “Since the aim of archaeology is the understanding ofhumankind”为since引导的原因状语从句;句子“since it deals with the human past, it is ahistorical discipline”中主句为“it is a historical discipline”, “since it deals withthe human past”为since引导的原因状语从句。