Economist, 经济学人杂志。是一份由伦敦经济学人报纸有限公司出版的杂志，于1843年9月由詹姆士�威尔逊创办。杂志的大多数文章写得机智，幽默，有力度，严肃又不失诙谐，并且注重于怎样在最小的篇幅内告诉读者最多的信息。杂志主要关注政治和商业方面的新闻，但是每期也有一两篇针对科技和艺术的报导，以及一些书评。
杂志中所有文章都不署名，而且往往带有鲜明的立场，但又处处用事实说话。主编们认为：写出了什么东西，比出自谁的手笔更重要。从2012年1月28日的那一期杂志开始《经济学人》杂志开辟了中国专栏，为有关中国的文章提供更多的版面。同时，《经济学人》也是极好的雅思阅读课外读物，很多时候，雅思阅读考试的文章就是出自其中。可以说经济学人相比较于其他国内外语报纸的态度更客观，视角更宽。
A TERRIBLE threat stalks the streets ofWashington,DC: unlicensed tour guides. These brazenlawbreakers imperil the public by showing them around the nation's capital without a permit.Your correspondent went undercover to observe at first hand the dangers tourists face intheir clutches. It was harrowing. First, your correspondent had to balance on a Segway, a two-wheeled vehicle from which she could have fallen several inches to the cold, hard pavement. “Just try to relax,” purred Bill Main, the outlaw guide, “It's easy.” With white knuckles and apink helmet, the tour began.
华盛顿特区大街上正蔓延着一个可怕的威胁：无证导游。这些无耻的违法者扰乱公共秩序，在没有许可的情况下带领游客们参观这个国家的首都。记者亲历地下世界去观察第一手游客们关键时刻面临的危险。这让人很恐惧。首先，记者必须在摄位车上保持平衡，这种两轮电动车有让她从任何一边摔向冰冷坚硬的人行道上的可能性。“别担心，”违法导游Bill Main发出喉音说道，“很简单的。”在兴奋、紧张中带着一个粉色的头盔，这趟行程开始了。
Mr Main never took the exam to become a tour guide, so your correspondent braced herself tohear a torrent of errors. Would he claim that the White House was once destroyed by aliens, asin the film “Independence Day”? No. Actually, he was pretty good. Yet he could be jailed for 90days if caught.Washingtonrequires all guides to pay $200 and take an exam. That adds up:Segs in the City, the firm Mr Main runs with his wife, Tonia Edwards, employs a dozen guides.
Main从未参加过成为导游的考试，因此记者准备好了听到一大串错误信息。他会说白宫曾被外星人摧毁过一次么，就像电影“独立日”中的场景那样?不会，事实上，他很好。然而如果他被抓到了会被判监禁90天。华盛顿要求所有导游付费200刀然后参加考试。还要加上：Main和太太Tonia Edwards运营的公司城市摄位车公司雇佣的大批导游。
The permit system protects incumbents, raises prices and kills jobs. Mr Main also believes thatit violates his right to free speech. Robert McNamara of the Institute for Justice, a libertarianlaw firm, agrees. “The government cannot restrict speech unless there is evidence the speechis causing harm,” he explains. Tour guide patter hardly qualifies. Mr McNamara helped Segs inthe City file a lawsuit against the city government in 2010. The city won; Mr Main's appealreached a DC federal court on May 5th. The city defends the licence as an essential safeguardfor consumers.
许可系统保护了在职者们，提高了价格，削减了岗位Main也相信系统侵犯了他的言语自由权。自由论法律公司——司法研究所的Robert McNamara同意他的话。“政府不能限制Main的言语除非有证据说他造成了伤害，”他说道。导游的话很难界定资格。McNamara在2010年帮助城市摄位车旅游公司起诉了市政府。但是政府胜诉了;Main在5月5号上诉到特区联邦法庭。市政府辩护到证书是为消费者设置的必要护卫。
In the 1950s only one American worker in 20 needed a permit from the government; todaythat figure is around one in three. Some jobs, such as doctors, clearly need strict controls. Butsome states require licences for florists and interior designers. Such permits tend to costhundreds of dollars and months of extra training, yet offer little benefit to consumers, saysMorris Kleiner, an economist at theUniversityofMinnesota. Sometimes customers, likeundercover tourists, can look after themselves.
20世纪50年代政府平均20人中之批准了一位美国工人成为导游;今天数据到了大约三个过一个。一些工作，比如说医生，明确需要严格控制。但是一些州要求花匠和室内设计者考取证书。这种许可证需要花费数百美元和长达数月的额外培训，然而这对消费者来说受益甚微，明尼苏达大学的经济学家Morris Kleiner说。一些客户，比如“从事间谍活动的”旅游者们，能照看好他们自己。译者:彭威
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