在雅思考试的听、说、读、写四个单项中,中国考生的写作平均分最低。根据笔者的教学经验,写作考分偏低的一个重要原因是多数中国考生写作准备不够充分。很多考生备考时,单词不会少背,文章不会少读,听力也不会少练,甚至在口语方面也会备上几个话题,唯独写作几乎是零准备。其实写作备考的方法并不复杂,以雅思大作文Task2的复习为例,循序渐进地做好下面五件事:备题、备结构、备思路、备范文、备实战,雅思写作就是a piece of cake。
备结构
Task2的提问形式各异,但万变不离其宗,比如下面四道题,主题相似,相应的写作结构也大同小异。
1. Some parents believe that Chinese students should go abroad for further education. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (记为A+/A-题:A+代表支持该观点,A-代表反对该观点)
2. Some Chinese students go abroad for further education. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for them to do so and give your own opinion. (记为A+/A-题:A+代表做某事的优点,A-代表做某事的缺点)
3. Some people think that Chinese students should go abroad for further education. Others believe that Chinese students should receive further education in China. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (记为A/B题:A和B分别代表两方观点)
4. Recently, many Chinese students go abroad for further education. Give reasons for this phenomenon and recommendations for them to make the most of the experience. (记为PRS题: Problems + Reasons+ Solutions )
Task2写作的字数要求是250词。五段式是Task2写作最为经典的段落结构。写作时通常先对自己不支持的观点进行让步,这样就会使文章各主体段落间呈依次递进的逻辑关系,得出最终观点的过程也比最后写让步段来得自然。在“剑桥雅思”的系列丛书中,雅思7分作文的句子平均长度大约是15词,这样每段的词数和句数就可以大致确定了,如下表所示:
提问形式 | Agree | Advantages VS Disadvantages (A+/A-) | Discuss Both Views | Problem + Reasons + Solutions (PRS) | Words/Sentences | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
第一段 | Introduction | Introduction | Introduction | Introduction(Problem) | 50/3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
第二段 | A+ | A- | A- | B | R1 四段式也是常见结构。这种结构的难点在于最后的结论表达,无论是支持一边(A+ or A-),还是不同条件下(On condition),支持不同结论(有时支持A+,有时支持A-;或有时支持A,有时支持B),或是两边观点都有道理(Both A and B),都需给出特定理由。
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