雅思写作-语法及扣分点介绍!

扣分点一、such as与for example的混用 

        我们知道,在表示举例子的时候,such as与like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare.


  但是同学们对于Such as、for example的把握还是不够准确。我们都知道,后者接句子前者接词语表示举例子。于是就有了下面的写法:
  There is a similar word in many languages,such as in French and Italian.
  这里的such as改为for example为好,因为“in French and Italian”其实是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的简化,所以要用for example来引出例证。再来看几个类似的例子:
  It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects,for example physics.

扣分点二、assume及claim使用不够准确
        我们知道,think,assume,claim是议论文中常用引出观点的动词。在实际作文中,同学们往往认为几个词的意思是一样的,完全可以代换,所以拿过来就用。甚至还有同学把consider也拿过来与之混用。我们首先还是从定义来看这几个词的不同:
        Think:to have opinion or belief about sth.
        翻译为“认为”,通常接宾语从句来表达比较确定的观点。
        Assume:to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it.
        翻译为“假设、假定”,是否有事实依据是不确定的。
        Claim:to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it.
        翻译为“声称”,用这个词往往意味着不赞同紧跟其后的观点,所以很少用作‘I claim that…
      Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer,but in fact,….
         所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻译为“有报道称……”。和‘it is reported that ’的区别在于后者翻译为“据报道”,往往代表着作者赞同报告的内容,Consider:to think about sth 
         carefully,especially in order to make a decision翻译为“考虑”,一般不用作引出观点,看个例子:
         We are considering buying a new car.
         所以,千万不要在雅思大作文的第一段(观点表达段)就因为用词把握不准而导致对整篇文章的低分印象。

扣分点三、介词使用错误

          1、普通介词的误用一般表现为固定搭配错误,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等等,虽然这样的错误看似无伤大雅,但在考官眼里就是影响顺畅阅读的,当然会影响最终成绩。解决的办法简单而古老:把常见的固定搭配牢记于心,问题自然就解决了。

          2、“to”作为介词的误用“to”最常见的用法是以动词不定式符号的形式出现的,所以同学们也已经习惯了“to do”的固定搭配。对于一些如walk to me,to the left等介词to表方向等常见用法一般也不会出现错误。但是对于与动词搭配的介词to就会经常犯错:


  如:
  More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them.
  这里的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’为介词,所以后面只能接名词或相当于名词的词,如动名词。所以句中depend on应改为“depending on”.“take to”的另一个常用用法也需要牢记:
  He hasn‘t taken to his new school. (这里’take to‘ means ’to start liking sb or sth‘) Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介词,会有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else,另外,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符号.
  类似的常用用法请同学们牢记:
  Be used to doing Adapt to doing Adjust to doing prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
  Be accustomed to doing See to doing等等,请注意平时仔细积累。

扣分点四、表“建议”的词汇后面忘记用虚拟从句

这是摘自学生雅思作文中的一个病句:

I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.

因为‘suggest’翻译为“建议”,所以后面的从句应该用虚拟语气,句中“continues”部分应该改为“(should) continue”。

在此,小编提醒您,一定要牢记以下常见表“建议”的词汇,而且要记住这些词接从句时要用虚拟语气:

Recommend,suggest,advise


扣分点五、compare与contrast的误用

我们先从两者的定义入手来看两者的区别。

Compare的定义为:to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的定义为:to compare two or more things to show the difference between them.由定义不难看出前者侧重于找到两个或多个事物的异同,而后者则侧重于它们的不同。

看个例句:
It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours.
前一句翻译为:对比一下我们的情况与他们的情况会很有趣。
后一句的翻译为:我们的情况与他们的情况有很大的不同,这很有趣


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