2016年5月7日雅思写作大作文语料搜集-该分层教育吗？

摘要：5月7日雅思大作文是关于分层教育，英语中叫做tracking（美式）/streaming（美式） education，说得通俗点，就是grouping by education，可以说无论中外古今，都是在实践的一种教育方法，也是一种存在巨大争议的做法，较之于传统的教学方法，究竟是进步还是倒退呢？

5月7日雅思写作考试大作文话题：

Some people think teaching children different abilities together benefits everyone, but others think intelligent children should be taught separately and given special treatment. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

有人认为集中给孩子们教授不同的技能可以使所有的人收益，但有人认为聪明的孩子应该单独培养特殊对待。讨论以上2种观点并给出你的看法。

1.话题词汇

‘Grouping’ by ability, or ‘tracking’, or ‘streaming’ means that students are placed into groups defined by their ability levels. Students may be grouped by ability Students’ assignment to an ability group may be temporary, changing during the year, or relatively permanent.

所以分层教育，一般可以用tracking education 或者streaming education来表达。意思就是grouping by ability或者ability grouping ability tracking(按能力分组)。

传统的混合教育mixed-ability education

fast-track class 快班 low-track class 慢班 perpetuate the inequality in the classroom 课堂的不平等永久化

stigma耻辱 self-esteem 自尊心 greater equity/ in the classroom 课堂平等

2.话题概述：

The issue of ability grouping in schools has been the subject of debate for many years and will be for years to come (Hopkins, 2003). Many have feared that ability grouping will hinder the advancement of students with low ability since there will be an emphasis on basic knowledge instead of advanced learning. On the other hand, proponents insist that that grouping by ability has the potential of improving student achievement by increasing level of motivation.

分层教育与传统教育孰优孰劣，目前尚未有定论。

3.支持分层教育的观点：

Advocates of grouping by ability claim that it can raise achievement standards since teachers can target their instruction and use resources more effectively.

因为能更有针对性的教学，更有效地使用教学资源，所以可以提升教学水平。

We do group the children so that small group work can target their specific needs. We are supposed to individualize wherever we can.

分层使得特定人群的需求可以得到更好的满足。

ability tracking will enhance achievement and improve self-concept among students.

改善自我认知

grouping by ability has the potential of improving student achievement by increasing level of motivation.

因为使得学习动力得到了增强，分层教育有提升学生成绩的潜在可能。

4.反对分层教育的观点：

grouping by ability can have adverse effects on students’ attitudes towards schooling and their self-esteem.

使得学生对学习的态度和自尊心受到不良的影响。

It is very difficult to distinguish ‘ability’ from ‘prior achievement’.SO use of grouping by ability is associated with worse overall student performance.

学生的“真实能力”很难与“以往的成绩”区分开，所以分层教育往往是跟学习成绩挂钩

Students placed in higher ability groups may perform better but students placed in lower ability groups typically perform worse than in mixed ability groups.

划入慢班的学生的学习表现明显低于混合班。

There is a tendency for lower teacher expectation and lower quality of instruction in lower ability groups.

慢班中，对老师水平和教学水平期望值往往偏低。

For students assigned to low-ability groups, there are negative effects on their self-esteem, motivation and attitudes towards schooling. Research suggests that students in non-grouped settings, especially for those with lower achievement, have more healthy and positive attitudes towards school than students in grouped settings.

混合班的学习往往比慢班的学生有更好的学习态度，更强的学习动力，更强的自尊心。

Ability grouping promotes stigma and destroys academic motivation especially among the slow learning students; self-esteem is regarded to be the condition that aids student achievement.

分层教学促进了一种“耻辱文化”并摧毁了慢班学生的学习动力。

the group placement produced increments in academic achievement for high-achieving students at the loss of these gains among the low-ability students.

分层教育加速不公

when placed in mixed-ability group, low-achieving students attained the most advantage while setbacks on high-achieving students are minimal.

传统混合教育造福后进生而且并未对先进生造成不良影响。

5.小编总结：

基本上，从网络上的找到的各种研究来看，一般认为，分层教学使先进生（high achieving）变得更强，使后进生（low achieving）变得更弱，所以从一种更加宽容人道的角度出发，分层教学会带来学生的优劣差距(performance gap)扩大，降低了流动性（social mobility），也就是说，造成了更大的社会不公，是不值得提倡的。相反，在传统的混合教育中，相比较而言，主要是会是后进生获利，他们在各方面都能得到较大提升。当然，这就对先进生有一点不公平了。