颜炜:及物动词短语配可移动位置的分词

及物动词短语配可移动位置的分词

Transitive Verbs with Movable Particles

Ⅰ    根据上下文猜测短语意思

II     短语解释

1.    To make up –       1)    to invent, to fabricate (a lie)

                            2)    to apply cosmetics

#1    Usual subjects: people

       Usual objects: lie, excuse, story, the whole thing

It’s bad habit to make up lies about things, which you know are wrong; no one will believe you.

He told me a strange story about his illness, and I think that he made the whole thing up.

#2    Usual subjects: people (actor, clown, woman)

       Usual objects: face, nose

Many women like to make up their face each morning.

The clown makes up his nose with red paint.

 
 
2.    To think over – to consider carefully, to ponder

Usual subject: people

Usual Objects: plan, suggestion, offer; problem, matter

This idiom is used when the subject doesn’t want to make a quick, careless decision.

I wanted to think over their plan before I agreed to follow it.

Think over your problems before you finally decide what to do.

 
 
3.     To bring up –       1) to introduce, to present, to raise

                            2) to rear, to raise

#1    Usual subjects: people

       Usual objects: question, problem; matter, subject, point

This idiom is very close in meaning to to come up with.

When you want to go into a subject more carefully in class, you should bring up many questions.

When the president brought up the energy matter, the committee looked into it carefully.

#2    Usual subjects: people (parents, nurse, grandmother, foster home)

       Usual objects: child, daughter, son

Parents should bring up their children with love and devotion.

Grandmother Johnson brought up her little granddaughter when her son and daughter-in-law were lost at sea.

 
 
4.     To give away –     

                           1) to distribute freely, to give at no cost

                            2) to reveal, to tell (a secret)

#1    Usual subjects: people; company, business

       Usual objects: prize, gift, sample product; personal possession

The popular game shows give away many prizes and gifts to the contestants on TV.

In supermarkets, food companies often give away samples of their products to customers.

#2    Usual subjects: people

       Usual objects: secret, hidden fact

He gave my age away even though I had told him not to tell anyone.

This fact is my own private matter; you shouldn’t have given away my secret.

 
 
5.   To try out – to test, to check the function of

Usual subjects: people

Usual objects: machine (car, typewriter, television, etc.)

You should always try out a car before you buy it so that you can look out for serious problems.

After the secretary tried out the typewriter for fifteen minutes she could see that it would soon break down.

 
 
6.  To clear up – to make clear, to clarify, to remove doubt about

Usual subjects: people; explanation

Usual objects: difficulty, misunderstanding, confusion, problem; matter, point

When a student cannot catch on to an idea, the teacher should try to clear up his misunderstanding.

Jane and I argued for a long time, until a friend cleared up our disagreement.

No nurse could understand the doctor’s point until he cleared it up.

 
 
7.  To put off– to postpone, to delay, to defer

Usual subject: people

Usual objects: matter, decision; meeting, appointment, conference

I want to think over this matter fully, so I’ll put my decision off until next week.

We had to put off the meeting because many members could not show up at that time.

The businessman hadn’t gotten over his cold so he had to put off his appointment with the company president.

 
 
8.   To carry out – to fulfill, to accomplish

Usual subjects: people

Usual objects: promise, obligation, responsibility; job, duty

This idiom is very close to in meaning to to live up to.

He carried out all his promises so everyone looked up to him.

To try for a promotion, the office worker carried out his responsibilities carefully and thoroughly.

If you want your work to be respected, you have to carry it out well.

 
 
9.   To bring about – to cause (to happen)

Usual subject: people; situation (circumstances, plan, problem, etc.)

Usual objects: situation (change, accident, illness, etc.)

This idiom is used when someone or something (subject) is the reason why a situation occurred. It is close in meaning to to come about.

The new chairman brought about a big change in his company’s organizational structure.

The bicyclist brought about an accident when he suddenly crossed the street in front of a car.

What brought about John’s illness? I thought he was taking care of himself.

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