雅思70天倒计时基本功训练：现在分词作定语

　　Part I：单词与短语

　　polo n.马球，水球；cut across(动词短语)横切；river bank河岸；as usual象往常一样；row vt.划船；kick vt.踢；call out to sb.(动词短语)向某人大声喊；fall into(动词短语)跌入；in sight视线之内；run away(动词短语)跑掉；realize vt.意识到；throw vt.扔

　　Part II：语法学习

　　1.现在分词作定语

　　我们刚刚讲过过去分词作定语，这里再学习现在分词作定语。我们前面曾经将现在分词和动名词统统称为“动词的ing形式”，这里我们也无需过细地去分析它们的区别，大家只需知道：动词的ing形式首先表示“正在发生着”的动作或行为；其次，要知道它表示的是主动的含义，不是被动的。

　　示例1：The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere.(surprising作定语，修饰thing)

　　示例2：The ball went towards a passing boat.(passing作定语，修饰boat)

　　2.定语从句的继续

　　定语从句作为一种高级的表达方式，同时作为拉长句子的手段，是一个重点，所以，我们将不断强化它的运用。同时，我们也接触到了定语从句的简化方式，这里将进行更为系统化的研究。

　　请记住：定语从句的简化必须符合一个根本条件：关系代词在定语从句中作主语(作宾语时可以省略，但不能简化)！如果具备了这个条件，便可以进行简化，而且，简化后的形式在语言表达的水平上被视为高于定语从句。

　　再请记住：符合简化条件的定语从句是这样简化的：如果定语从句的谓语动词中有be动词的各种形式，那么，砍掉关系代词和be动词的各种形式就完成了；如果定语从句的谓语动词中没有be动词的各种形式，那么，需要把谓语动词变为ing形式。

　　示例1：The Wayle is a small river which/that cuts across the park near my home.(由下面两句话合并而来：The Wayle is a small river. It cuts across the park near my home.)

　　简化方式：The Wayle is a small river cutting across the park near my home.

　　示例2：There were some people rowing on the river.(划线部分作some people的定语，本身就是简化式，我们可以把它还原为从句)

　　从句形式：There were some people who were rowing on the river.

　　示例3：Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat.

　　从句形式：Some people on the bank called out to the man who was in the boat.

　　Part III：综合训练

　　The Wayle is a small river (1) cuts across the park near my home. I like (2 sit) (3) the Wayle (4) fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, (5) I went (6) sat (7) the river bank (8) usual. Some children were playing games (9) the bank (10) there were some people (11) were rowing (12) the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball (13) hard (14) it went towards a (15 pass) boat. Some people (16) the bank called out (17) the man (18) the boat, (19) he did not hear them. The ball (20 strike) the man (21) hard (22) he nearly fell (23) the water. The man turned to look at the children, (24) there weren’t any (25) sight. (26 see) (27) the ball had struck the man (28) the boat, they all ran away. The man laughed (29) he realized what had happened. He called out (30) the children (31) (32 throw) the ball back (33) the bank.

　　答案：

　　(1) which//that; (2) sitting; (3) by; (4) on; (5) so; (6) and; (7) on; (8) as; (9) on; (10) and; (11) who; (12) on; (13) so; (14) that; (15) passing; (16) on; (17) to; (18) in; (19) but; (20) struck; (21) so; (22) that; (23) into; (24) but; (25) in; (26) Seeing; (27) that; (28) in; (29) when; (30) to; (31) and; (32) threw; (33) to

　　Part IV：句型转换

　　将下面句子进行最大程度的合并：

　　1. The Wayle is a small river. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons.

　　2. I like sitting by a small river. This river cuts across the park near my home.

　　3. It was warm last Sunday. I went and sat on the river bank as usual.

　　4. Some children were playing games on the bank. There were some people. These people were rowing on the river.

　　5. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard. It went towards a passing boat.

　　6. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat. He did not hear them.

　　7. The ball struck the man very hard. He nearly fell into the water.

　　8. The man turned to look at the children. There weren’t any in sight.

　　9. The children saw that the ball had struck the man in the boat. They all ran away.

　　10. The man laughed. He realized what had happened.

　　11. He called out to the children. He threw the ball back to the bank.

　　答案：

　　1. The Wayle is a small river by which I like sitting on fine afternoons.

　　2. I like sitting by a small river which cuts across the park near my home.

　　3. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual.

　　4. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people who were rowing on the river.

　　5. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball so hard that it went towards a passing boat.

　　6. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them.

　　7. The ball struck the man so hard that he nearly fell into the water.

　　8. The man turned to look at the children, but there weren’t any in sight.

　　9. Seeing that the ball had struck the man in the boat, they all ran away.

　　10. The man laughed when he realized what had happened.

　　11. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.