雅思课外读物--Why music makes you happy

摘要：雅思中国网雅思频道跟大家分享的雅思阅读素材叫“Why music makes you happy” 为什么音乐会让人开心呢？本文为你揭晓！听说跟一种叫多巴胺的物质有关呢！

If most of their dopamine receptors were free, on the other hand, the radioactive substance would bind to them.

从另一方面来说，如果大多数的巴多胺感受器处于空闲，那么放射性物质将会依附其上。

The technique showed, definitively for the first time, that people's brains released large amounts of dopamine when they listened to music that gave them chills, the researchers reported in the journal Nature Neuroscience. Whenthe same people listened to less moving music the next day, their dopamine receptors remained wide open.

研究人员《自然神经科学》中发文称，这项技术首次表明，当人们听到那些带给他们快感的音乐时，大脑会分泌大量的多巴胺。当第二天同样的人听没那么触动的音乐，他们的多巴胺感受器就会保持较大的开放幅度。

Once the researchers knew for sure that dopamine was behind the pleasure of music,they put participants in an fMRI machine and played the moving music for them again. In this part of the experiment.the scanners showed that the brain pumped out(大量涌出)dopamine both during the phase of musical anticipation and at the moment when chills hit in full force. The two surges happened in differentareas of the brain.

当研究人员确认多巴胺与音乐快感的关联后，他们将参加者放入fMRI机器，并再次播放那些感动过他们的音乐。这个实验中，扫描仪显示，在音乐期待阶段以及振颤感觉最强烈的瞬间，大脑大量分泌巴多胺。这两次分泌急升发生在大脑的不同区域。

"It is amazing that we can release dopamine in anticipation of something abstract, complex and not concrete," Salimpoor said. "Thisis the first study to show that dopamine can be released in response to an aesthetic(审美的;艺术的) stimulus."

“太神奇了，我们在期待一些抽象、复杂的事物时会分泌多巴胺，” Salimpoor说。“表明在受到审美的刺激时，大脑会分泌多巴胺，这还是首项研究。”

The findings suggest that, like sex and drugs, music may be mildly addictive(使人上瘾的), said David Huron, a music cognition researcher at Ohio State University, Columbus.

哥伦布市的俄亥俄州立大学音乐认知研究人员David Huron说，研究结果显示，与性和毒品一样，音乐也会让人有一点点上瘾。

Dopamine is an adaptive reward-inducing molecule that makes animal swant to look for food before they're hungry. It's what makes it impossible forsome people to pass by the neighborhood bakery without going in to buy a tart.And it provides a rush(服用毒品后的强烈快感) for hero in addicts when they see blood enter the needle -- before the drug even gets into their veins.

多巴胺是一种具有诱导力的适应型分子，它使得动物在饥饿前会去觅食。它也使一些人在路过附近面包店时，总忍不住想进去买个蛋挞。同时，它还使得瘾君子在看到血液流进针管时产生强烈快感——而那时毒品甚至都还没进入他们的静脉。)

In its groundbreaking(开创性的) combination of techniques,Huron said, the study also offers a new way to study the relationship between dopamine and feelings of motivation, reward and pleasure. Brain scanners are notoriously(臭名昭著地)expensive for scientists and claustrophobic(幽闭恐惧症) for participants, with no room for people to do things like eat in them.

对于所采用的开创性技术组合，Huron认为，这项研究还为探讨多巴胺与冲动、奖励、愉悦的关系提供了新的方法。众所周知，脑部扫描仪对科学家们来说过于昂贵，会给实验者带来幽闭恐惧，同时没有空间让人做任何事情，比如吃饭。

Music, on the other hand, can be pumped right in(畅通无阻地涌入) to the machine, and scientists can then look at pleasure responses on a note-by-note basis.

另一方面，音乐却可以畅通无阻地涌入仪器，然后科学家便能轻松地观察每个音符产生的愉悦反应。

"Music is going to be a useful tool in trying to explain all sorts of aspects of pleasure, addiction and maladaptive behaviors," Huron said."It's a technical tour de force what they've done. I just think it's areally wonderful piece of work."

“音乐将成为一个有用的工具来解释愉悦、上瘾及适应不良行为的各个方面，”Huron说道。“这是一个技术杰作。我认为它真的很棒。”

本文观点选自“唐老雅”