雅思源文阅读--弗朗西斯·福山 2

【经典句式】

contrast对比

accomplishment成就

etal 等等

institution机构

keepup with赶上

reform改革

hotch-potch大杂烩

first-rate一流的

department部门

wholesale整体性的;批发

essentially本质上

capacity能力

failto do sth ……失败

election选举

middleclass 中产阶层

reluctantly不情愿地

embrace拥抱;接受

authoritarianism威权主义

…Mr Fukuyama argues that the political institutions that allowed the UnitedStates to become a successful modern democracy are beginning to decay. The division of powers has always created a potential for gridlock. But two big changes have turned potential into reality: political parties are polarised along ideological lines and powerful interest groups exercise a veto over policies they dislike. America has degenerated into a “vetocracy”. It isalmost incapable of addressing many of its serious problems, from illegal immigration to stagnating living standards;it may even be degenerating into what Mr Fukuyama calls a “neopatrimonial”society in which dynasties control blocks of votes and political insiders trade power for favours.

……福山指出，让美国成为一个成功的现代民主国家的政治制度正在走向衰败。权力的分散总是在为僵局提供潜力。但是，两大变化已经将可能性转化为现实。一是政党在意识形态方面的两级分化，二是强大的利益集团在遇到他们不喜欢的政策时对于否决权的行使。美国已经退化为一个“相互否决”的国家。不仅几乎无力解决众多的严肃问题，如非法移民和生活水平的停滞;甚至还有可能已经退化为福山所说的“新世袭民主制”社会。在这样的社会中，世袭王朝握有大量的选票，政治内幕的交易者用权力换取支持。

【经典句式】

argue指出

political institution政治制度

democracy民主国家

decay衰败

division分散

potential潜力

gridlock僵局

turn… into …把…转化为…

polarised两级分化

ideological意识形态的

exercise执行

exercise a veto over … 对……执行否决权

dislike不喜欢

degenerate into退化为……

be incapable of … 无能力……

address… problem 解决问题

illegal immigration非法移民

stagnate使停滞

living standard生活水平

dynasty朝代

trade… for… 用…换取…

insider知情人

【犀利观点】政府的重要性：

address many of its serious problems, from illegal immigration to stagnating living standards

Mr Fukuyama's central message in this long book is as depressing as the central message in“The End of History” was inspiring.Slowly at first but then with gathering momentum political decay can take away the great advantages that political order has delivered: astable, prosperous and harmonious society.

福山这部巨著的中心思想所传达出失望感恰如《历史的终结》的中心思想所表达的那种振奋感。初期的缓慢加之随后的猛然加速，政治衰朽能够吞噬政治秩序所带来的那些巨大优势——一个稳定、繁荣与和谐的社会。

【经典句式】

central message中心思想

as…as … 和…一样…

inspiring鼓舞人心的

gather momentum增加动力

prosperous繁荣的

harmonious和谐的

【大作文万用句式】

… can take away the great advantages that … has delivered: ……能够吞噬…所带来的那些巨大优势：……

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