一、考试概述：
本次考试三篇文章全部都是旧题，第一篇the history oftea, 茶叶的历史相关话题已经在考试中出现多次，最近一次是3月14日。最新的剑桥雅思10中也有涉及茶叶的历史相关文章C10T2P1。第二篇the nature ofyawning, 是针对打哈欠进行的科学探究，涉及两种匹配题，难度较大。第三篇与音乐相关，介绍音乐的历史和音乐对人类的影响。
二、具体题目分析
Passage 1：
题目：The history oftea
内容：茶叶的历史
题型：填空7+判断6
题号：22308
参考文章（高亮为高频词汇）：
The History of Tea
AThe story of tea began in ancient China over 5,000 years ago. According tolegend, ShenNung, an earlyemperor was a skilled ruler, creative scientist and patronof the arts. Hisfar-sighted edicts required, among other things, that all drinking waterbeboiled as a hygienic precaution. One summer day while visiting a distant regionofhisrealm, he and thecourt stopped to rest. In accordancewith his ruling, the servantsbegan to boil water for thecourt to drink. Dried leavesfrom the near by bush fellinto the boiling water, and abrownliquid was infused into the water. As a scientist,the Emperor was interested inthe new liquid, drank some,andfound it very refreshing. And so, according to legend,tea was created.
B Tea consumption spreadthroughout the Chinese culture reaching into every aspect of the society. In800 A.D. Lu Yu wrote the first definitive book on tea, the Ch'aChing. Thisamazing man was orphaned as a child and raised by scholarly Buddhist monks in one ofChina's finest monasteries. Patronized by the Emperor himself, his work clearlyshowed the Zen Buddhist philosophy to which he was exposed as a child. It wasthis form of tea service that Zen Buddhist missionaries would later introduceto imperial Japan.
Thefirst tea seeds were brought to Japan by the returning Buddhist priest Yeisei,who had seen the value of tea in China in enhancing religiousmediation. As a result, he isknown as the "Father of Tea" in Japan. Because of this earlyassociation, tea in Japan has always been associated with Zen Buddhism. Teareceived almost instant imperial sponsorship and spread rapidly from the royalcourt and monasteries to the other sections of Japanese society.
CTea was elevated to an art form resulting in the creation of the Japanese TeaCeremony ("Cha-no-yu" or "the hot water for tea"). The bestdescription of thiscomplex art form was probably written by the Irish-Greek journalist-historianLafcadio Hearn, one of the few foreigners ever to be granted Japanesecitizenship during this era. He wrote from personal observation, "The Tea ceremonyrequires years of training and practice to graduate in art...yet the whole ofthis art, as to its detail, signifies no more than the making and serving of acup of tea. The supremely important matter is that the act be performed in themost perfect, most polite, most graceful, most charming manner possible”.
Sucha purity of form, of expression prompted the creation of supportive arts andservices. A special form of architecture (chaseki) developed for "teahouses", based on the duplicationof the simplicity of a forest cottage. The cultural/artistic hostesses ofJapan, the Geishi, began to specialize in the presentation of the tea ceremony.As more and more people became involved in the excitement surrounding tea, thepurity of the original Zen concept was lost. The tea ceremony became corrupted,boisterous and highly embellished. "Tea Tournaments" were held amongthe wealthy where nobles competed among each other for rich prizes in namingvarious tea blends. Rewarding winners with gifts of silk, armor, and jewelrywas totally alien to the original Zen attitude of the ceremony.
Threegreat Zen priests restored tea to its original place in Japanese society. Oneof them is Sen-no Rikkyu (1521-1591)-priest who set the rigid standards for theceremony,largely used intact today. Rikyo was successful in influencing theShogun ToyotomiHideyoshi, who became Japan's greatest patron of the "artof tea". A brilliant general, strategist, poet, and artist this uniqueleader facilitatedthe final and complete integrationof tea into the pattern of Japanese life. So complete was this acceptance, thattea was viewed as the ultimate gift, and warlords paused for tea beforebattles.
DWhile tea was at this high level of development in both Japan and China,information concerning this then unknown beverage began to filter back toEurope. Earlier caravan leaders had mentioned it, but were unclear as to itsservice format or appearance. (One reference suggests the leaves be boiled, salted, buttered, andeaten!) The first European to personally encounter tea and write about it wasthe Portuguese Jesuit Father Jasper de Cruz in 1560.
Portugal,with her technologically advanced navy, had been successful in gaining thefirst right of trade with China. It was as a missionary on that first commercial mission thatFather de Cruz had tasted tea four years before.
ThePortuguese developed a trade route by which they shipped their tea to Lisbon,and then Dutch ships transported it to France, Holland, and the Balticcountries. (At that time Holland was politically affiliated with Portugal. Whenthis alliance was altered in 1602, Holland, with her excellent navy, enteredinto full Pacific trade in her own right.)
EBecause of the success of the Dutch navy in the Pacific, tea became veryfashionable in the Dutch capital, the Hague. This was due in part to the highcost of thetea (over $100 per pound) which immediately made it the domain ofthe wealthy.
FSlowly, as the amount of tea imported increased, the price fell as the volumeof sale expanded. Initially available to the public in apothecaries along withsuch rare and new spices as ginger and sugar, by 1675 it was available incommon food shops throughout Holland. As the consumption of tea increased dramatically in Dutchsociety, doctors and university authorities argued back and forth as to thenegative and/or positive benefits of tea. Known as "tea heretics", thepublic largely ignored the scholarly debate and continued to enjoy their newbeverage though the controversy lasted from 1635 to roughly 1657. Throughoutthis period France and Holland led Europe in the use of tea.
GAs the craze for things oriental swept Europe, tea became part of the way oflife. The social critic Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, the Marquise de Seven makesthe first mention in 1680 of adding milk to tea. During the same period, Dutchinns provided the first restaurant service of tea. Tavern owners would furnishguests with a portable tea set complete with a heating unit. The independentDutchman would then prepare tea for himself and his friends outside in thetavern's garden. Tea remained popular in France for only about fifty years, beingreplaced by a stronger preference for wine, chocolate, and exotic coffees.
GreatBritain was the last of the three great sea-faring nations to break into theChinese and* East Indian trade routes. This was due in part to the unsteadyascension to the throne of the Stuarts and the Cromwellian Civil War. The firstsamples of tea reached England between 1652 and 1654. Tea quickly provedpopular enough to replace ale as the national drink of England.
Asin Holland, it was the nobility that provided the necessary stamp of approval and so insuredits acceptance. King Charles II had married, while in exile, the PortugueseInfanta Catherine de Braganza (1662). Charles himself had grown up in the Dutchcapital. As a result, both he and his Portuguese bride were confirmed teadrinkers. When the monarchy was re-established, the two rulers brought thisforeign tea tradition to England with them.
HImperial Russia was attempting to engage China and Japan in trade at the same time as the EastIndian Company. The Russian interest in tea began as early as 1618 when theChinese embassy in Moscow presented several chests of tea to Czar Alexis. By1689 the Trade Treaty of Newchinsk established a common border between Russiaand China, allowing caravans to then cross back and forth freely. Still, thejourney was not easy. The trip was 11,000 miles long and took over sixteenmonths to complete. The average caravan consisted of 200 to 300 camels. As aresult of such factors, the cost of tea was initially prohibitive and available only to thewealthy. By the time Catherine the Great died (1796), the price had droppedsome, and tea was spreading throughout Russian society.
参考答案：
-
1. Tombs 206AD在汉朝发掘古墓时发现茶叶
-
2. Books 8世纪第一本讲茶叶的书
-
3. Monks日本的僧人第一次把茶叶带出中国，带入日本
-
4. Dutch荷兰人把茶叶带到欧洲
-
5. Smugglingtaxation很高，人民铤而走险走私茶叶，英国不得不减税
-
6. Clippers有了快船来运送茶叶
-
7. India茶叶开始在中国以外的地方种植
-
8. FALSE16世纪，茶在英国很受欢迎，原文否定
-
9. NOTGIVEN茶叶在欧洲比咖啡更流行，原文未提及
-
10. FALSE茶叶在所有阶层都很普及，原文中说只有上流社会普及
-
11. TRUEadulteration是导致政府减税的一项原因。
-
12. NOTGIVENfastest vessel owned by America，原文未提及
-
13. TRUEinitial problems when tea was planted outside China
（仅供参考）
文章来源于网络，如有侵权请联系我们，将会在第一时间处理
更多资讯可以关注微信公众号：IELTSIM。
[AD] 点击此处了解【雅思合集】【学习计划定制】【终生VIP服务】
