雅思写作语法:巧用分词和动名词


在雅思写作中,使用动名词和分词可以让语句更为紧凑和丰富,比起简单单句能提升表达的层次感。那么怎样正确使用分词和动名词呢?以下是对动名词及分词相关知识的解读:

动名词

动名词既具有动词的一些特征(允许有自己的宾语),又具有名词的一些特征(可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语等)。

动名词的时态与语态
  1. 构成:与 "V-ing" 分词的构成相同。

  2. 时态

    • 例句:I remember seeing a film.
      He admitted to stealing the book.

    • 例句:They regret not having taken your advice.
      He was praised for having made such a contribution to the company.

    • 完成式:表示其动作先于谓语动词的动作。

    • 一般式:也可表示一个先于谓语动词的动作。

  3. 被动语态

    • 例句:He was so surprised at being discovered that he didn’t even try to run away.
      The workers were proud of their products being praised highly by the buyers.

    • 例句:He dislikes being interrupted during his study.
      Several of the customers complain of having been treated very rudely.

    • 表示它的逻辑主语是动名词所表示的动作的承受者。

    • 被动态有自己的逻辑主语。

分词

分词既具有动词的一些特征(可以有自己的逻辑宾语),又具有形容词(可以作定语、表语、宾补、主补)和副词(状语)的特征。分词在雅思作文中的作用明显,恰当使用分词会给作文加分不少。

分词的时态和语态
  1. 构成(以动词 "do" 为例):

    • 只有一种形式(done),表示被动意义已完成了的动作或状态。

    • 例句:Considered from this point of view, the question will be of great importance.
      My taxes having been paid, the amount left in the bank is hardly worth mentioning.

    • 主动态:一般式(doing);完成式(having done)

    • 被动态:一般式(being done);完成式(having been done)

    • 否定式:一般式(not doing/not being done);完成式(not having done/not having been done)

    • 例句:The problem being discussed is of importance.
      Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations this evening.

    • 现在分词的构成 (V-ing)

    • 过去分词的构成 (V-ed)

  2. 时态(只有现在分词才有时态形式的变化):

    • 例句:Having finished her homework, she went to bed.
      Having worked in the fields for two hours, they had a rest.

    • 例句:He came to visit me, bringing his girlfriend with him.
      Hearing the good news, she burst into laughing.

    • 一般式:表示动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

    • 完成式:表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语。

结语

在雅思写作中,分词和动名词的应用是考生能拿分的技巧。大家在能够基本掌握雅思作文语句的正确书写的情况下,可以练习这两种方法,为自己的雅思作文加分。希望这些知识能帮助你在雅思写作中取得好成绩!


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