句字有那些类型?

1.陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句

就用意来分,句子有陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种。陈述句陈述观点或事实,疑问句提出问题,祈使句表达命令或请求,感叹句则抒发强烈的感情,如惊异、痛苦或喜悦。

2.简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句

句子按结构分有简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句四种。简单句中有一个主语和一个谓语动词,但可以有几个宾语、定语或状语。有两个以上主语或谓语动词的句子,像He and his brother went to town and bought a pile of books.这样的句子,在有的语法书上算作简单句,但在有些书上算并列句。短的简单句往往强劲有力,意思特别清楚,和长句子一起用还会形成句式的多样性。并列句包含两个或更多的独立从句(或简单句),用并列连词(and,but,or等等)连接起来,也可以不用连词而用分号连接。各从句的意思相关或可以比较,并具有类似的重要性,或有层次地展开。复合句包含一个主句和一个或更多的从句,并用连词来表明它们之间的关系。从句可以当全句的主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。一般说来,主句表述重要的意思,从句表述次要的意思。并列复合句至少有两个主要从句和一个次要从句,即并列句和复合句的结合。

短的简单句常用来表述需要强调的重要意思。如:

To Americans,industriousness, thrift, and ambition are positive values.

长的复合句由于可以容纳多种修饰语,常被用来清楚而准确地表达复杂的意思。如:

Our so called best schools [of city slums] are turning out students most of whom,in any real and important sense,are as inarticulate as the most deprived children of the ghettos,as little to speak or write simply and directly about things of importance to them,what they know,want,and care about.

写文章时要尽量使句子的结构多样化。

3.松散句、圆周句和对偶句

从修辞的角度来看,句子有松散句、圆周句和对偶句之分。松散句把主要意思放在次要意思之前,先说重要的事情,因此读者在看到最初几个词之后,就知道整句话的意思了。圆周句的安排则相反:把最重要的意思放在最后面,并且直到最后一个词时句子的结果才完整。读者只有看完整句话才知道它说什么。一个句子含有两个或更多的在语法和作用上相同的部分,便是有平行结构的句子。两个结构相似但意思相反的平行从句便是对偶句。 松散句比较简单、自然和直接,如:
She decided to study English though she was interested in music.

圆周句则比较复杂、正式和文雅,如:
Although she was interested in music, she finally decided to study English.

对偶句因为包含有相反的意思,而且声调和节奏优美,能给人留下深刻的印象。如:

On hearing the news,he was angered,and I was saddened.

The polititician is concemed with successful elections,whether the statesmen is interested in the future of his people.

In Plato's opinion man was made for philosophy;in Bacon's opinion philosophy was made for man.

4.短句和长句

短句一般语气重;长句则适宜于准确表达复杂的思想,因为它含有许多修饰语。短句可陈述重要的事实和想法;长句则可以解释观点和理论或描写有很多细节的事物。例如:

1)Our city is on the threshhold of a great era.Of this we can be sure.But in order to fulfill the promise of the future, we must be willing towork and to spend.

2)Art,in the senseof here intended—that is,the generic term subsuming painting,sculpture,architecture,music,dance,literature,drama,and film—may be defined as the practice of creating perceptible formns expensive of human feeling.

一般说来,选择句型的基本原则是结构要与表达的思想相符合,也就是说,思想决定句子的选择,而不是反过来。

请说出以下各句属于什么类型(简单句、圆周句或对偶句)。

1)It is a pleasure to read good books.

2)She missed the step and sprained her ankle.

3)Badly frightened by the explosion,the boy rushed out of the laboratory.

4)It is a truth universally acknowledged,that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

5)It will not be done by the Government;it cannot be done by Parliament.
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