雅思大作文：如何导入和总结

编者按：雅思大作文的成败往往决定于开头和结尾，这是雅思考官的话。那么该怎样写好一个好的雅思大作文开头和结尾，请听考官娓娓道来。

Most students know that essays should start with an introduction and end with a conclusion. However, beginning and ending the essay is often far more difficult than writing the main body. Introductions are especially difficult because they give the examiner his or her first impression of your essay writing skills. Conclusions are the last thing the examiner will read before deciding your grade! Therefore, it’s important to know what should and should not be included in each of these sections.

大多数的学生知道雅思大作文应该始于引入，终于结论。然而，开始和终结一篇文章常常比书写主体部分要难。因为引入部分会给考官留下你的写作水平的初印象，所以尤其困难。而结论部分是考官决定你的评分前所读到的最后的内容。因此，懂得在这两部分该写什么，不该写什么很重要。

Introductions

引入部分

The purpose of an introduction is to clarify what you understand the title to mean. You may also want to mention briefly why this is an important issue. Finally you need to outline how you intend to answer the question. Let’s examine each of these ideas in more detail.

引入部分的作用是清晰地表达你对话题的理解。你也可以简要提及为什么这是一个重要的问题。最后你需要大致勾勒一下你打算怎样回答这个问题。咱们接下来详细地一条一条来分析。

1. Clarifying the meaning of the title

1.讲清楚题目的意思

What are you being asked to do? Define any keywords. If there are no words which require a definition, it is still a good idea to interpret any keywords in the title. Look at this essay title, for example:

题目要求你做什么?解释其中的关键词。如果没有需要解释的地方，对标题中的关键词进行解读，依然是一个聪明的做法。举个例子，请看这个题目：

Illiteracy has traditionally been viewed as a third world problem. However, in developed countries, illiteracy is increasing. Examine possible causes for this and its effect on society.

文盲率在传统认识中被看作是第三世界的问题。然而，在发达国家，文盲率在不断攀升。请探讨产生这种状况的可能原因及这种状况对社会的影响。

You should define ‘illiteracy’ in the introduction. It’s also important to make it clear that you understand the difference between ‘third world’ and ‘developed’ countries. You also might want to interpret the word ‘society’. What exactly does ‘society’ mean in the context of this essay? Clarifying this will help you to write a focused, relevant essay.

你需要在导入中解释”illiteracy”。同样重要的是，你需要表明你理解第三世界和发达国家的区别。你也许还需要解读”society”一词。它在这篇文章的语境中究竟是何意?把这个弄清楚能有助于你写一篇论述集中且非常切题的文章。

2. Mention briefly why this is an important issue.

2.简要提及为何这是一个紧要的问题。

You may want to include one sentence addressing why this issue is interesting or important, and to whom. However, take care. Students often begin essays with a statement such as ‘Illiteracy is a hot topic in today’s society’. Try to avoid this. It sounds as if you are reciting a phrase you have learnt and you are not thinking about the issue itself. Consider why illiteracy is important, who it affects and whose job it is to solve the problem.

你应该用1句话来讲述这个问题为何以及对谁有趣或重要。不过，要当心，学生常常用申明式的句子开始一篇作文，类似于“文盲率是当今社会的一个热点话题”。尽量避免这种句子。它听起来就像是说你在背诵你学过的一个表达，并且你没有对这个问题本身进行思考。试着考虑下为何文盲率关系重大，会影响到谁，然后该由谁来解决这个问题。

3. Outline how you intend to answer the question

3.概括一下你打算怎样回答这个问题

This is a very important part of the introduction. The last sentence of your introduction should outline exactly what you aim to do in your essay, and how you aim to do it. This sentence is called the Thesis Statement. The thesis statement is very similar to the title. For example, a suitable thesis statement for the title above could be:

这是导入部分非常重要的环节。你的导入的最后一句话应该描绘出你打算在你的雅思作文中做什么，和怎样做。这个句子被称为主题申明。主题申明非常类似于它所给的题目。例如，上述话题的一个可行的主题申明是：

This essay will firstly describe some reasons why illiteracy is increasing in developed countries, and then examine the effect of illiteracy on society.

这篇文章会首先讲述文盲率在发达国家上升的一些理由，然后会探讨文盲率对社会的影响。

A good thesis statement will show the reader how the essay will be structured. For example, by reading the thesis statement above, the examiner will know the number of sections in the essay, and the topic of each paragraph. He or she will also know that the writer understands the question in the title and is addressing it directly. Obviously, you cannot write a good thesis statement unless you have planned your essay outline first.

一个好的主题申明应该向读者展示这篇文章的结构。例如，通过阅读上述的主题申明，考官将会知道这篇雅思大作文有几大部分，以及每一段的主题。Ta也将知道作者是正确的理解了题目并在正面解决它。显然，你在没有构思你的文章大纲前是不可能写出一个好的主题陈述的。

One more important thing to remember is that you must not start answering the question in the introduction. Do this in the main body of the essay.

还有一个要很重要需要记住的事情是，你绝对不要在导入部分就开始回答问题。把它留在主体部分。

Conclusions

结论部分

Conclusions are actually quite simple. The purpose of the conclusion is to answer the question in the title. Do this by referring to the points you have already made in the main body. Don’t repeat whole sentences, just summarise the main points. It is also important that you do not raise any new ideas in the conclusion. The conclusion need not be long. Keep it brief and make sure it is directly related to the question.

雅思作文的结论部分事实上相当简单。结论部分的目的是回答作文话题中的提出问题。你可以通过提及你在主体部分所论述的观点来回答。不要完全的重复整个句子，归纳概括要点就行了。另外重要的一点是不要在结论部分提出新的观点。结论部分不许要冗长。要保证简要准确地切入问题。