干货：雅思写作评分“潜规则”

雅思议论文毕竟是语言能力的测试，雅思写作议论文评分标准中有众多细节条框。所以，两条评分标准：Lexical Resource & Grammatical Range and Accuracy更是值得考生仔细琢磨的，毕竟词汇和语法才是语言能力最直接的体现。

Lexical Resource

每次课上请学生自我介绍的时候总能听到有关“我词汇量低”、“我很多时候想好了中文却写不出英文单词”等；这不难看出词汇这点对于大多数中国考生来说是难以跨越的一道坎。而且比较麻烦的是，词汇靠的是长年累月的积累而不是一时半会就能提高的；所以也正因为如此，学生的词汇问题就一直成为了“诟病”。

然而除了词汇量不够之外，不少考生对于雅思词汇的具体要求并没有足够的了解；若想要在词汇方面得到7分及以上，考官的要求是use a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision; use less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation; may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and/or word formation, 可以看出除了词汇量的要求之外，考生还需要尽可能多使用less common lexical items；要注意style和collocation的运用等。

一般说来，对于collocation来说比较常见的是nouns and verbs (make an assumption), adjectives and nouns (a key concept), or verbs and adverbs (fiercely independent)，那么考生在选择使用时可以根据实际情况，适当加入类似的搭配从而增加词汇的灵活性。当然要想提高这方面的词汇能力，考生可以选择多看范文的词汇选择，并且养成习惯勤加整理，毕竟词汇的突破离不开日常的积累。而对于less common的要求，考生一方面需要积累同义替换词，并且时刻记得避免重复单调的表达同时避免使用常用词汇来防止common，比如more and more最好使用an increasing number of；solve则可以使用address或是overcome来代替；choice应该换成alternative；important可以替换为crucial之类的。

Grammatical Range and Accuracy

考官对于7分的语句标准是use a variety of complex structures, produce frequent error-free sentences and have good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors. 6分的要求是use a mix of simple and complex sentences。从中不难看出多样的句式以及复杂句是高分的基本要求。

相比词汇而言，句子会更容易准备；至少不论是什么样的考题，能用的句式是相对固定的，那么也就是说可以在平时复习备考的过程中就可以做好工作，不用像词汇那般会随着考题变化而变化的无奈。而要准备好可用句式，多看范文又是离不开的步骤了。当然，雅思中国网海外考试研究中心建议各位考生在看范文整理句式的时候要注意针对性而为之，可以将一篇文章分成不同的部位分别整理相应可用的句式。

如开头段落可以尝试那些较好套用的句式，类似1) The issue of whether… has been widely debated in the world. 2) One of the perpetual problems in our modern society is that + 具体的社会问题 + and the question of + 由问题引起的后果或争论 + arises. （适用开头段第一句话；套用在：表达某种社会问题以及由此引发争论）例句：One of the perpetual problems in our modern society is that senior citizens account for an increasingly larger proportion of the whole population and the question of who should be legally responsible for taking care of them arises. 3) In an attempt to solve the problem of …, some people assert that…等。4) Personally, I agree to the latter opinion, which is based on the following three reasons. 适用于开头段亮出自己观点时候使用！当考题提问为优缺点时候时，可使用于开头段最后一句：However, modern technologies have also exerted some negative impacts on our society and environment, which can be demonstrated in the following aspects.

结尾段一般与考题具体内容无多大关系，只需要做好重申观点和理由，或是配上建议即可，所以在这个段落的准备中，可以更加轻松了，如In conclusion, although …, it is strongly recommended that… 或是In conclusion, there are certainly some elements of truth in both opinions, and a feasible solution is to … 当然类似While enjoying the advantages that modern technologies have brought to us, we should also try to minimize the effects of their disadvantages and find some effective solutions to the problems generated.也是可以使用于结尾段的句子。

而针对主体段落的句式准备相对难度就大一些了，虽然也存在可以普遍适用的句式句型，但是更多时候要结合具体的考题要求和内容，所以在这种情况下，考生可以尝试整理与论证方式有关的复杂和多变的句式。比如举例论证时可用上take… for example或是… is a good example in this case来替换普通的for example；调查论证可以配合使用An authoritative … survey shows that…来引出；考官范文中常见，出现在主体段中，为了引出社会普遍某现象起到论证的：A common phenomenon in many schools is that… some teachers do not criticize and correct problem students since they are afraid of being revenged when it comes to students’ evaluation等。

总的来说，不论是针对哪条评分标准，考生都应该要熟悉考官的不同分数档的细节要求，只有做到知己知彼才更有可能做好全方面的准备，从而可以轻松从容地应对雅思写作，争取更高分。