1. 句法：
1）简单句：主流句型，主要结构会使用就可以了。
1． 主谓（宾），例如：
人们在这个问题上的观点不一样。
People have different views on this question.
People’s ideas vary/differ on this issue.
2. 主系表，例如：
Generation gap is a problem that we are confronted by.
Generation gap is now a problem we have to face.
The environmental problem is a serious problem in modern society.
The argument is convincing.
切记：不能出现没有谓语，或者双谓语的情况，否则不能超过5分！！！
2）并列句：
And, but, or
both…and…,
not only…but also…,
neither…nor…,
either…or…
主语，谓语，宾语，状语
连接词放在动词或形容词的前面
主语+谓语 + by either doing A or doing B
主语+谓语not only in terms of A, but more importantly/seriously，in terms of B
Most children are spoilt, not only in terms of care and attention, but more seriously, material ways.
很多小孩被溺爱，不但在关心和照顾方面，而且，更严重的是，在物质方面。
句子 + by either doing A or doing B
通过鼓励学生穿精心设计的校服或者引导他们参加一些能体现出团队精神的活动，学生的行为可以得到逐步的改善
Students’ behaviors can be improved by either encouraging students to wear well-designed uniforms or guiding them to participate in activities which reveal the spirit of team work.
肥胖症可以减轻，方法是不但要养成良好的饮食习惯，而且要多做运动，比如慢跑，跳绳等等。
Obesity can be relieved by not only forming good dietary/eating habits, but more importantly taking more exercises, such as jogging and rope skipping.
3）复杂句：
宾语从句：
表述观点：
认为： insist, maintain, hold, suggest, argue,
支持：favor, propose, support, agree, advocate,
(be for, be in favor of)
反对：object, oppose
(be against)
Some people do believe that
Some people are fully convinced that
Some people assert that
Some people deem that
Some people argue that
Some people claim that
Some people doubt that
Some people deny that
What 引导的
What I learn
What I see
What I need
主语从句：
1. It is suggested in the graph that…（indicate, demonstrate, illustrate）
It is reported that/estimated that/proved
It is well-known/generally accepted/universally acknowledged
2. Whether S +V is a controversial issue.
Whether we should make effort to/endeavour to preserve endangered species is …
Whether we should do…depends on whether S +V
Whether we will succeed depends on whether we persist.
3. What we should do is to do….
We should protect animals.
What we should pay attention to/ emphasize/stress is to do
What teachers should emphasize is to tell students to practice more.
What we are faced with is that …
What we are confronted by is…
the depletion of natural resources
What we should solve immediately is that…
What concerns us most is…
What we am concerned with
主语从句：it is …
It is important/vital/crucial/pivotal/essential/significant(… 很重要)
It is clear/evident/obvious/manifest/as clear as crystal/quite common（。。。 很明显）
It is undoubted/undeniable/doubtless （。。。 毋庸置疑）
It is a pity/a shame/a common sense/practice( 这是个常识)
It is well/increasingly/widely/commonly/generally known/recognized/accepted/acknowledged (众所周知)
It is conceivable that 可想而知
It is desirable/admirable that 可取的
It is advisable that 最好做某事
It is probable/possible/likely that 可能的
It is imperative that 必要的
it is preferable/profitable that
It is hazardous/risky/perilous that 危险的
It must be stressed out that 必须要指出
It must be admitted that 必须要承认
It is reported that 据报道
It is suggested that 有人建议
It is assumed that 有人认为
It is estimated that 据估计
It is always the case that 情况总是这样的
It is not always the case that 情况不一定总是这样的
It follows that由此可见，
表语从句： is
我的第一个理由是，学术课程经历了时间的考验而且代表了古老文化的精华。
My first reason is that academic courses withstand the test of time and represent the essence of ancient cultures.
在教育中使用电脑的一个优点是，他们能够最大程度上丰富传统的教学方法。
One advantage of the application of computers in education is that they can enrich the traditional teaching methods to a great extent.
同位语从句：
常用的：the fact/idea/belief/recognition/suggestion/proposal/attempt/effort that
Be based on the belief that 基于这样的想法
From the above discussion, we can safely draw the conclusion that…
There is no evidence that…
Despite the fact that….
neglect/ignore/overlook/ lose sight of / be blind to/fail to consider the fact that忽视了某个事实
政府不应该忽视这样的事实，囚禁罪犯最起码是对受害者的安慰。
The government should not be blind to the fact that imprisonment of criminals is the comfort to the victims at the very least.
大学生应该承担全部学费，基于这样的一种普遍认识，那就是，大学生通常比没有学位的人赚钱多很多。
University students should bear total expenses for their tuition on the generalization that university students usually earn much more than people without a degree.
定语从句：
定语从句： 名词（短定语）人，who,物， which, that…
Those who+谓语
支持这种观点的人给出如下理由。
Those who favor this view give the following reasons.
上网成瘾的人总是会孤立的，不善于社交的，甚至是抑郁的。
Those who are addicted to the Internet tend to be isolated, unsociable or even depressed.
主+谓, which （主）+谓
父母能集中发展他们的事业，这将给孩子们应该集中精神发展事业，这将会为他们的孩子带来更好的生活条件。
Parents can focus on their careers, which will bring better life conditions for their children.
政府应该鼓励大家乘坐公交车并且停车换乘，这将在很大程度上人们多做公交车，并且鼓励停车换乘，这将减轻交通方面的压力。
The government should encourage people to take public transport and Park and Ride, which will relieve the pressure on traffic to a great extent.
介词+引导词， some of which, two of which, few of whom
网络带来了很多的实际好处，其中两个值得大家注意。
The Internet brings many tangible benefits, two of which deserve most attention.
已经采取了很多步骤去见减轻交通方面的压力，很遗憾，这些之中有些无效。
Many steps have been taken to relieve the pressure on traffic, pitifully some of which are ineffective.
很多人每天被广告浸泡，很少有人想到它的影响。
Many people are immersed in(exposed to) advertisements every day, few of whom think of its impacts.
状语从句：
时间：when, after, before, until, once, whenever
原因：because,
…, for…
as, since,
for the simple reason that
有些人强烈反对死刑 就因为它剥夺了人的生命权。他们认为，即使一个人犯了严重的罪行，其他人也无权夺取他的生命。
切记：有些词后面只能加名词：
Because of
Due to
Owing to (好)
Thanks to (多亏了)
on account of=as a result of=thanks to=at the mercy of
结果：
…, so…
…Thus, …
…Therefore,…
…Consequently,…
…Hence, …
As a result
如此。。。以至于
So…that…
Such…that…
(有一个程度，有一个结果).
有些小孩总是沉迷上网，因此他们可能会忽视他们的学习。
Some children tend to bear so addicted to the Internet that they may tend to ignore their academic study.
so addicted do Some children tend to be to the Internet that they may ignore their academic study.
条件：（如果，只要）
If 主谓，主谓
★原则：主将从现
只要，在…情况下：
as long as
on condition that…
provided that…
under the circumstances that…
政府应该探索太空，只要他的财政不紧张。
It is advisable that the gov explore the space
The government can explore the space provided that its budget is not tight.
学生可以打工，只要他们能够平衡学习和工作，并且合理安排好自己的时间。
Students can take part-time jobs provided that they can balance work and study and plan their time properly.
让步（虽然）
Though, although,
Even if （即使）
No matter + what, where, when, how….
不可以写but
Despite the fact that…
虽然这个观点看起来有道理虽然这个观点看起来很合理，但是它站不住脚。
Despite the fact that the view seems reasonable, it does not hold water.
Reasonable though the view seems, it ….
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